(In case you cannot watch the video, click here).
In some of the Far East Asian countries, such as Korea and
China, having plastic surgery is something that has become more common
throughout the years. These plastic surgeries are done with the objective of
westernizing one’s physical appearance, and thus becoming “beautiful”. The most
common plastic surgeries performed in Asia consist of cutting a fold into the
eyelid to create a double fold to widen the eyes.
The following information is based
on an article on the CNN website from March of 2011 (click here to see the article). The article talks about a young 12-year-old
Korean girl who is getting a cosmetic eye-lid surgery. The little girl did not
ask for the surgery - her mother did. She says, "I'm having her do it, because
I think it'll help her. This is a society where you have to be pretty to get
ahead. She's my only daughter." The little girl lacks confidence and feels
self-conscious about her appearance. She says that “everyone points out her
small eyes,” which makes her feel that she is not pretty. This surgery gives
the little girl and her mom hope that her problem will be solved and her
confidence will increase after obtaining more “western” eyes.
"I'm
excited. I think I'll look better than I do now."
The biggest plastic surgery clinic
in Korea is a dozen stories tall and all its operating rooms are full every day.
The head of the clinic says, "They always tell me they don't like their
faces… They want to have some westernized, nice faces… they want to have faces
like Americans.” Korean and Chinese people tend to have smaller eyes compared
to the Caucasian people they see in the movies, magazines, or advertisements. Having
plastic surgeries has become more and more common in these countries. Most of
the models and celebrities have had plastic surgeries to have big eyes like
westernized people, and nicer noses. This influences the people to do the same
thing because they get the idea that to be beautiful it is necessary to have a
little less Asian, but more westernized appearance. For these people, the
definition of pretty is not the standard Asian face, but closer to a Caucasian
face. They do not feel confortable with their characteristic Asian features
like the big cheekbones or the small eyes; they want to have big bright eyes
with slender facial bones.
The dislike for their characteristic
Asian features and the obsession with becoming more Caucasian and less Asian by
having plastic surgeries is an example of racial self-hatred. Racial
self-hatred is also shown in The Bluest
Eye with the examples of Geraldine, Pauline, and the little girl Pecola. Like
the Chinese and Korean people who want to be less Asian and be pretty, the African
American people from The Bluest Eye
want to become less black. Geraldine, for example, corresponds to this
stereotype of women who are light-skinned and have education. These women have
nice and clean houses, and live in quiet neighborhoods. They like to be clean,
straighten their hair and when they wear lipstick they never cover the whole
mouth for fear of lips to thick. This women fight everyday to not let their
basic black characteristics show and thus to get rid of their blackness. These
women choose to become less black and attempt to be whiter because of the
influence of the white people on them. The magazines, movies, models,
celebrities are the symbol of beauty for them. Geraldine and this type of women
are similar to the case happening to the women in Korea and China. For them,
beauty is the white face with Caucasian features. In both cases there is a
desire to become physically Caucasian with the only purpose of finding beauty
in themselves, and to feel confortable with their own appearance.
Another example from The Bluest Eye is Pauline. Pauline is
the mother of the young black girl Pecola. Pauline is also influenced by the
society that surrounds her that white is the symbol of beauty, and that black
is not pretty. When Pauline has her baby Pecola, she does not think she is
pretty, she says, “But I knowed she was ugly. Head full of pretty hair, but
Lord she was ugly (126).” This idea that to be beautiful is necessary to have
similar physical aspects as the Caucasian people affects both Pauline and the
mother of the little Korean girl. The mother of the little Korean girl is the
one who sends her to the plastic surgery clinic to get her cosmetic eye-lid
surgery. She also says that this surgery will help her daughter to success in
this society where you have to be pretty to get ahead. It can be implied from
this statement that the mother of the Korean girl does not believe that her
daughter’s Asian features are pretty on her. This attitude demonstrates a
mentality that shows that it is necessary for an Asian to become less Asian and
more Caucasian to have a better life. Pauline has a similar mentality. Due to
the media and what surrounds her she is convinced that by being pretty the
people will notice her and show affection to her: “The sad thing was that
Pauline did not care for clothes and makeup. She merely wanted other women to
cast favorable glances her way (118).” The relation between the mentality of
the Korean mother and Pauline shows that, in these two different groups, beauty
is the image of a western and/or Caucasian face, and it is beauty a requirement
for success.
Racial Self-hatred is also present
in the young innocent black girl Pecola. Pecola wants to have blue eyes like
all the white people she sees in the movies, magazines, candy wrappers, etc.
She has several white idols like “Shirley Temple” or “Mary Jane”, which are
white celebrities from that time. Again, this influence in the media persuades
her to believe that white is beauty and white is good. The little Korean girl
is also influenced by the media, and the models she sees in the movies, and
magazines. There is a scene in the video from the article where the little
Korean girl is told to choose between two Korean models the one that she thinks
is prettier. One of the models had an eye-lid surgery, which made her eyes look
rounder and bigger, and the other model had not had the surgery. The little
girl chose the model with the bigger eyes.
This scene shows their low self-esteem and their racial self-hatred.
This increases their desire to change their appearance, either having blue
eyes, or bigger eyes.
Pecola’s wish is to change the color
of her eyes to a color that is considered pretty in the society. She believes
that if her eyes where blue, then people will start noticing her, talking to
her, respecting her and showing affection to her: “Long hours she sat looking
in the mirror, trying to discover the secret of ugliness, the ugliness that
made her ignored or despised… (45).” The Korean girl’s wish is also to change
the shape of her eyes, to a size and shape that is considered beautiful in the
society that surrounds her. She says that “everyone points out her small eyes”,
and that is why she does not feel pretty. They both, Pecola and the Korean
girl, feel a lack of confidence and low self-esteem, and they think that with a
more Caucasian appearance they will obtain respect and love.
At the end of the novel, Pecola
“gets” blue eyes. Her imagination makes her believe that she finally got blue
eyes and that now she is considered pretty by every body. This “blue eyes”
changed her sight and the way she sees herself. She does not have dark eyes
anymore like all the other African American people she knows. This change makes
her confidence go up and makes her believe that now that she has blue eyes, the
people will finally respect her more. The Korean girl also gets her surgery
done. At the end of the article it is said that the Korean girl sent them
pictures after the operation and that she feels so much more better with
herself and more confident whenever she dances her ballet: “And when this
12-year-old stares at herself dancing in the studio, she no longer just sees
her eyes. She sees a prettier girl.” Like Pecola, the Korean girl’s sight
changed and now she sees a prettier girl; a girl who does not feel anymore that
people point at her small eyes, but a girl that can now finally enjoy a better
life.
Great blog post! The line that struck me most from this post is the notion that "they want to have faces like Americans," and by Americans, people in Asia imagine white hair, blonde hair, and blue eyes - the beauty standard in place for much of the 1900's. And though America has evolved in its concept of attractiveness (and I do believe Americans have come to accept that beauty can be diverse, especially since the black is beautiful movement, etc), the rest of the world, especially the parts of the world furthest away from us, still associate their American concept of beauty with being Caucasian. There are further implications of the idea that people of color do not qualify as "American." Does that exclude them from the American Dream? And what is their role in an American society?
ReplyDeleteKarime I really like your connections of Pecola, Pauline, and Geraldine to the eastern people in Asia. Your discussion of the social pressure in Asia and the western is a great discussion for The Bluest Eyes. This really connects to your modern example and our in class literature books we read. I also like in the last paragraph you mention that Pecola's imagination "makes her believe that she finally got blue eyes" that sentence could be a potential idea for a thesis with connection to Six Degree of Separation. Good Job Karime.
ReplyDeleteKarime I found really intersting the fact that eye surgery is common among Asian people. I think that the comparison between Pecola and a modern asian girl is really good because it shows that racial-self loathing is still a problem in the world. Great Job
ReplyDeleteCosmetic surgery is the type of plastic surgery that is related to changing things that the person does not find to be particularly flattering. This could include facial “flaws” or other constructive areas that the person is less than thrilled about. Changing this through plastic surgery is a way of maintaining composure for some, so while it is not necessarily beneficial to the medical community, it can help with some issues.
ReplyDeletecosmetic surgery Boston